A bell is a bell tower of square or round, usually pierced with arcades on several levels. The term is used especially for Italian Renaissance buildings. The bell tower is built as an integral part, not part of the church or cathedral.
It houses the bells used to summon the faithful to prayer. During the Renaissance, the bell becomes the object of rivalry between the Italian cities and its construction is often entrusted to great artists.
There are two ancient towers of round shape, built between the seventh and tenth centuries, churches near Saint-Apollinaire-le-Neuf and St. Apollinaris-in-class, in Ravenna.
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (1174-1350), Romanesque bell tower of the Cathedral of Pisa, in Tuscany, is an example of the kind. The campanile of Florence Cathedral, square, was built after designs by Giotto.
Fine example of Gothic architecture, this seven-story bell tower, the facade of colored marble, sculpted reliefs is to Giotto, Andrea Pisano and Luca Della Robbia. The bell tower of the Basilica San Marco in Venice is another outstanding example.
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With the appearance of the dome, the triumph of architecture and engineering, bell towers were gradually abandoned in the late Renaissance. This architectural style reappeared in northern Europe, however, the late nineteenth century, when eclecticism gave the past up to date.
Among the most notable examples include the campanile of Westminster Cathedral in London, designed by JF Bentley in 1897. The term was borrowed from the Italian campanile which means bell.